How To Smooth Out Dents And Scratches

Bodywork in general can be seriously frustrating work, to say the least. Even seemingly small dents can turn into a whole bunch of work if not approached properly. To fully understand what happens to sheetmetal when it is dented, you must remember that it stretches out of shape. Here in lies one of the most frustrating aspects of bodywork. If the metal would just pop back into shape, we'd all be expert bodymen. The simple fact is that after metal has stretched, it either needs to be shrunk back into shape or, at the very least, worked back out as close to straight as possible, followed with a thin skim coat of body filler. No matter what anybody says, there is nothing wrong with a little body filler as long as it is applied properly, especially for someone who doesn't have the time to learn bodywork as a profession, or have the time to practice on a regular basis. For just this reason we will take another look at some basic bodyworking techniques that anyone can accomplish and use to become a better bodyman, or at the very least give you some basis for trying your hand at something you may not have ever thought you could.

There are some tools you will need to have on hand, but the good thing about that is you will own the tools and be able to practice whenever you want. The tools we're talking about are basic stuff, like an assortment of body hammers and dollies, body filler and filler spreaders, a gallon or so of lacquer thinner for cleanup, an autobody cheese grater tool, an electric or pneumatic grinder, and an assortment of body-sanding blocks and paper of varying grits. For most bodywork involving body filler, you will need 36-grit paper for fast knocking down of filler, them some 80-grit to smooth it all out before applying primer.

When we went looking for reasonably priced body tools like the ones described above, we found more than a few companies offering kits. Some of the best prices we found were from companies like the Eastwood Company, TP Tools, and even--when on sale--Craftsman tools from Sears. Yet another option we have used in the past is to cruise your local automotive swap meet for used tools. It's probably a better idea to pick up a new grinder rather than at the swap meet, but as far as hammers and dollies go, used ones work just fine. Spending a lot of money on tools might be better done after you have spent some time with bodywork and feel it is something you want to keep doing, whether for yourself or for a job.

So take a look at this quick tutorial on how to smooth out a fairly rough-up body panel. Sorry to Brookville Roadsters for banging up a perfectly good Model A cowl, but as we're sure they are fully aware, stuff happens.

So here is our patient waiting to be smoothed out and put back into shape. We have an array of problems here including a couple of deep gouges surrounded by some nasty low spots.
So here is our patient waiting to be smoothed out and put back into shape. We have an arra
It may be stubbornness, but when you work dents a lot you tend to get a feel for a few special body tools. Even though we picked up a body dolly and hammer kit from The Eastwood Company, we will mostly be using the old body hammer and heel dolly shown in this photo. It is very important to get used to using bodyworking dollies to give the sheetmetal a sort of backing when smacking it with a hammer. Not using a dolly for this will simply create more dents and a frustrating days worth of work.
It may be stubbornness, but when you work dents a lot you tend to get a feel for a few spe

You can actually figure out what dolly you need by laying it directly onto the surface you will be working over. You want the dolly to have a similar shape to the sheetmetal in question. For this panel we used our favorite dolly that matched the cowl's side panel perfectly. Using the body hammer on the inside of the panel first will work the low spots back out where you want the sheetmetal to be.
You can actually figure out what dolly you need by laying it directly onto the surface you
After you have popped the low spots out you may notice that the area now looks like it's bulging out too far. This is because every time a dent is created, it also creates a crown, or high spot, around the parameter of the dent. If the dent were shallow, we would simply use the dolly by placing it on the backside of the dent with a little pressure, while lightly tapping the crown down. This creates opposite pressures, but since the pressures are forcing the sheetmetal in and out, the shallow dent and crown have a chance to smooth out at the same time.
After you have popped the low spots out you may notice that the area now looks like it's b

Unfortunately for this panel, it has enough damage that the sheetmetal has been stretched beyond being able to lightly tap straight. However, the same rules apply when working deep or shallow dents. It's the amount of energy you will be putting out that will change. After some serious pounding, we worked the panel to the point of no longer being able to see or properly feel where the remaining bad spots were.
Unfortunately for this panel, it has enough damage that the sheetmetal has been stretched
To help us see the spots that still need further attention, we picked up one of our Dura-Blocks from the Eastwood Company and some of the heaviest grit sandpaper we had (25-grit) and used the factory Brookville Roadster red oxide primer as a guide coat of sorts. Basically we are looking for the first signs of bare metal. The bare metal areas are spots that still need to be tapped down with the hammer and dolly.
To help us see the spots that still need further attention, we picked up one of our Dura-B

This is what the panel looked like after we blocked the primer down a bit. We can now easily see all the rough spots, including the extremely low spots.
This is what the panel looked like after we blocked the primer down a bit. We can now easi
We picked out one of the problem areas and marked where the crown of the original dent is and is still causing us problems. What you can't see here is the dolly on the backside of the panel and the pressure we are applying to it outward, while we use the body hammer to tap with light-to-medium-light pressure around the parameter, or crown of the dent.
We picked out one of the problem areas and marked where the crown of the original dent is

Once you feel the area is back in shape enough to start filling with body filler, take the time to remove all paint and/or primer from the surface. Body filler needs to be applied to a clean and scratched surface. Since we aren't trying to grind a ton of metal off the panel, we use a disk of tired, worn-out 50-grit to take the primer off. Holding the grinder as flat to the surface of the panel as possible will prevent grinding too deep and will take a slight amount of metal off of any high spots that may have been missed with the hammer and dolly. Just don't forget how thin sheetmetal is by grinding right through it. We really only want to take just the primer off, leaving a clean, scratchy surface for the filler to bite into.
Once you feel the area is back in shape enough to start filling with body filler, take the
We're not sure if it's the "space age micro spheres" or not, but we love this brand of body filler. It seems to sand easily and hold up for a very long time. We have been using this filler for the past 15 or so years and haven't ever had any problems with it. At any rate, it is always nice to have a few sizes of body filler spreaders, a few old rags, and a can of lacquer thinner for easy cleanup.
We're not sure if it's the "space age micro spheres" or not, but we love this brand of bod

When mixing mud (body filler), make sure to work it over and over until it becomes one consistent color of pink. If you still see streaks of filler and hardener, you will need to keep mixing.
When mixing mud (body filler), make sure to work it over and over until it becomes one con
When it comes to spreading the filler, try acting like a fine art sculptor. You may want to start off by spreading the filler in the deepest area first, but once those areas have filler in them, go over the area and slightly past the area in question with a nice, even skim coat. This way you will end up with a gradual feathered edge around the rough spots. For a small area like this cowl panel, we figured it would be easier to skim-coat the entire area for best results.
When it comes to spreading the filler, try acting like a fine art sculptor. You may want t

Always clean your spreaders with lacquer thinner, or another type of cleaner. This will become very important the next time you want to use them. The last thing you want is a chunk of old filler you never cleaned off chunking off into your fresh batch of filler. If you see this happen, stop and dig the chunk out before moving on.
Always clean your spreaders with lacquer thinner, or another type of cleaner. This will be
By now the filler you just applied will be heating up and getting hard fast. There is a point just before the filler completely hardens that you can use a cheese grater to knock down the high areas of filler, while smoothing it out.
By now the filler you just applied will be heating up and getting hard fast. There is a po

Using the cheese grater is fine in most cases, but if you have only skim coated the area with a thin layer of filler, the cheese grater tool may cut too deep into the filler. To keep from taking too much filler off at this point with a cheese grater tool, try using a tired piece of heavy grit sandpaper and a block...
Using the cheese grater is fine in most cases, but if you have only skim coated the area w
...The filler will be soft enough to cut down easily, but hard enough to hold its shape. Also, using a block for this is like getting a jump on straightening the panel before you really start sanding and blocking it. Use a light hand when sanding at this point.
...The filler will be soft enough to cut down easily, but hard enough to hold its shape. A

Once the panel is sanded down and you start hitting bare metal, this is the time to stop sanding that area and start thinking about either very lightly tapping these bare spots down slightly, or if you may need another blast of body filler. In our case the bare spots that showed up after sanding only needed a little bit more persuasion to be straight. After some tap-tap here and there, we applied one more very thin skim coat of filler. If you are still having trouble getting the panel straight after doing all of this, try spraying a guide coat directly onto the panel. Then lightly sand the area and watch the bad spots come to life. Keep repeating these steps until the area is ready for primer.
Once the panel is sanded down and you start hitting bare metal, this is the time to stop s